BEST SOCCER GLOSSARY

A

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Definition: Advantage

Advantage is a term used to describe a situation in which the referee allows play to continue after a foul has been committed by one team, instead of stopping play immediately and awarding a free kick or penalty kick to the fouled team.

Against The Run Of Play

Against The Run Of Play refers to a situation where a team scores a goal when their opponent has been dominating the game or controlling the match.

Aggregate Score

An Aggregate Score in soccer is a way of deciding the overall winner in a two-legged match, which is common in tournaments like the UEFA Champions League. A two-legged match in soccer is a two-part contest where two teams play one game at each team’s home stadium. In a two-legged contest, each team plays one home match and one away match. To find the aggregate score, you add up the goals scored by each team in both legs. Here’s an example:

Suppose we have Team A and Team B playing a two-legged match. In the first leg, Team A plays at home and wins 2-1. In the second leg, Team B plays at home and wins 1-0.
To calculate the aggregate score: Team A scored 2 goals in the first leg. // Team B scored 1 goal in the first leg. // Team B scored 1 goal in the second leg.

Now, add these up: Team A’s total goals: 2 (from the first leg). Team B’s total goals: 2 (1 from the first leg and 1 from the second leg).

So, both Team A and Team B have an aggregate score of 2 goals each. This creates a tie. However, depending on the tournament rules, the “tiebreaker” is usually the team that scores the most away goals. This type of tie breaker is called the Away Goals Rule. In the event that away goals are even at the end of regulation of the second game, the team that will advance will be decided by Extra Time and then Penalties, if needed.

Agility

Agility is a fundamental athletic attribute that plays a crucial role in soccer. It refers to a player’s ability to change direction quickly and while maintaining control of their body and the ball. Agility involves a combination of physical and cognitive skills, including balance, coordination, reaction time, and spatial awareness. In soccer, agility is essential for players to evade opponents, quickly change direction during dribbling, perform skill moves, and physically react to rapidly changing game situations. Agile soccer players appear smooth and fluid in their motion.

Angle

Cutting The Angle
Pertains to how a goalkeeper positions themselves between the ball and the goal in order to reduce the amount of open area of the goal. Can also apply to defending. For a detailed explanation, see Cutting The Angle.

Assist

A pass or soccer action by a player that directly leads to a goal being scored by a teammate.

Attacker

A player on the team with possession of the ball who is moving towards an opponents goal. An attacker includes the player with the ball, as well as his teammates who are moving towards the goal with him/her. In addition, an “attacker” can also refer to a player whose primary role is to create goal-scoring opportunities and score goals for their team. Attacking players are focused on moving towards the opponent’s goal with the intention of penetrating their defensive lines and ultimately scoring. The term “attacker” typically refers to forward players, but it can also include attacking midfielders who play a significant role in the offensive phase of the game.

Attacking Team

The team with possession of the ball who is moving forward towards the opposing goal.

Attacking Third

The Attacking Third is the area in front of the opponents goal where you will be trying to score. See our free download The Soccer Thirds.

Away Goals Rule

The away goals rule in soccer is a tie-breaking method used in two-legged matches. If the aggregate score is level, the team that has scored more goals away from their home stadium advances to the next round. The concept is to encourage attacking play in away matches.

Soccer Definitions

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B

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Definition: Backpass

A term that usually refers to a pass made by a player to their own goalkeeper. If this type of pass occurs, the goalkeeper cannot pick the ball up with their hands. They can only use their body to control it and their feet to pass it to a teammate.

Back Room

(Also Known As The Front Office)
The staff that supports the players, including the Manager (Head Coach), the Assistant Coaches, the Training Staff, and more.

Balance

The third part of the First, Second, Third Defender (Pressure, Cover, Balance) System, which positions Balance defenders farthest away from the opposing attacker with the ball in order to protect space, cut off passing lanes and prevent penetration behind the defense.

Ball Carrier

A player that is in possession of the ball.

Ball Control

Ball control is a fundamental skill in soccer that refers to a player’s ability to receive, “trap,” and manipulate the ball with various parts of their body, such as the feet, thighs, chest, and head. Having excellent ball control allows a player to maintain possession, move the ball effectively, and execute various attacking and defensive maneuvers with precision. Practicing Ball Control is extremely important for youth soccer players. Why?
★ The less time you need to think about controlling the ball, the more time you can spend thinking about how you’re going to play the ball.

Ball to Hand

A situation where the ball unintentionally contacts a player’s hand or arm. The understanding is that a player cannot get out of the way of the ball and is powerless to prevent the ball from contacting his hand/arm. For example, if two players are going after the ball and it’s suddenly kicked upwards, striking one players arm, it’s not a deliberate handball, but accidental, since it was impossible for the player not to avoid the contact. The Ball To Hand concept also removes the ability for a player to intentionally kick the ball at an opposing player’s arm/hand in order to be awarded a Penalty Kick. As you can imagine, the Ball To Hand call causes plenty of controversy.
★ Remember, whether or not the ball accidentally contacts the player’s hand/arm is at the discretion of the referee.

Ball Watching / Ball Watcher

A negative term to describe a player who is simply watching the game instead of playing the game. Ball Watchers might as well be standing on the sideline, since all they do is watch the ball, instead of actively positioning themselves to either defend, mark an opposing player, move into a passing lane, etc. You do not want to be called a Ball Watcher.

Beat

To progress the ball forward towards the opposing team’s goal by dribbling around an opponent, passing around an opponent or shooting by an opponent. He “got beat” with a “step-over” move.

Bicycle Kick

(Sometimes referred to as a “Scissors Kick”)
An athletic backwards volley where the player launches himself into the air with his non-kicking leg, positioning his body parallel to the ground and then volleys the ball backwards towards the goal. Made famous by the Brazilian Pelé, but now is part of the repertoire of the best players.

Biomechanics

The study of the action of external and internal forces on the human body. Pertaining to soccer it is the evaluation of physical and biological processes for a specific action, such as kicking the ball or a throw-in.

Blind Side

The term Blind Side refers to the area of the field that is not easily visible to a defending player, particularly when they are facing away from the ball or the direction of play. It is the side of the player’s body that is opposite to where they are looking or the direction they are facing. The Blind Side can be a vulnerable position for defenders, as they may not be aware of attacking players or threats approaching from that direction. Attacking players often seek to exploit the Blind Side of defenders by making well-timed runs or positioning themselves in areas where they are less likely to be detected. This opens up passing opportunities for teammates to play the ball into space behind the defender.

Blocks

➀ A Block is an actions taken by players to obstruct or deflect shots, passes, or crosses made by opponents, preventing the ball from reaching its intended target and helping to defend the goal.
➁ Blocks can also refer to the positional lines, the Block of Defenders or Midfielders or Forwards.

Booking

A disciplinary action where a player receives a yellow card for caution or a red card for expulsion from the game due to serious misconduct. The term refers to the referee putting the player’s name in “his book” – a game log of the cards issued due to infractions or misconduct.

Boots

(British Slang)
What Brits call cleats or specialized shoes for playing soccer, either indoors or outdoors.

Box

In soccer, the Box refers to the space inside the Penalty Area.

Boxing Day

December 26th is Boxing Day, a public holiday in many countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. So why are we including it in a Soccer Glossary? Well, because it’s a big soccer day if you’re a fan. There are only two days where every single Premier League teams play on the same day: Boxing Day and Championship Sunday, the last day of the season.

Box-To-Box

A term used to describe midfielders who contribute both defensively and offensively, covering the entire length of the field. Box-To-Box midfielders track back to provide defensive support, unlike Ronaldinho

Brace

In soccer, a Brace refers to a player scoring two goals in a single match.

Break

When a team rapidly advances the ball towards the opponents goal in an attempt to get numerical superiority (more attackers than defenders) before the opposing team’s defenders have a chance to retreat. This often happens when an attacking team loses possession near the opponents goal while many of their players have committed themselves to an offensive blitz.

Breakaway

When a lone attacker gets possession of the ball behind the defense and goes one-on-one with the goalie for a scoring opportunity. This is a very exciting situation in soccer and happens more frequently than players realize.
★ Smart Soccer players practice breakaways over and over so when they have this unique opportunity in a game, they don’t get overwhelmed by the screaming parents, coaches and players and focus on getting the ball in the back of the net.

Break The Lines

To Break The Lines” in soccer refers to the strategic action of passing, dribbling, or moving the ball through the defensive lines of the opposing team. This involves penetrating the spaces between defenders, typically the midfield and defensive lines, to advance the ball into more advanced positions on the field. Breaking the lines disrupts the opponent’s defensive shape, creates opportunities for attacking plays, and opens up passing lanes for effective offensive movement.

Building up From The Back

Building Up From The Back refers to the deliberate strategy of initiating an attack from the defensive zone, typically starting with the goalkeeper. The objective is to maintain possession, advance the ball methodically, and navigate through opponents’ pressure using short, accurate passes, and coordinated movement into passing lanes. This approach aims to create structured and controlled attacking opportunities by involving defenders and midfielders in the build-up process, effectively transitioning from defense to attack while minimizing risks and keeping possession of the ball.

Build-Up Play

Build-up play refers to the deliberate and controlled progression of the ball from the defensive or midfield zones towards the opponent’s goal. It involves a series of passes, movements, and positioning that enable a team to advance strategically, maintain possession, and create attacking opportunities while bypassing opposition pressure. Effective build-up play emphasizes awareness, positioning, quick decision-making, and maintaining possession to transition from defense to attack.

Soccer Definitions

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C

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Cap

A term used to describe the number of times a player has represented their national team in an official match.

Carry

To dribble the ball.

Carrying The Ball

A foul called on the goalkeeper when he/she holds the ball for more than six seconds, slowing down play. This is not usually enforced, especially at the youth levels, but some obnoxious refs will call this infraction. If a ref does call this foul, an indirect free kick will be awarded to the opposing team at the location of the infraction. If the ref feels the objective of the goalkeeper was to deliberately waste time, s/he may just issue a Yellow Card and not award the indirect free kick.

Center Circle

Part of the field markings that specifies a 10 yard radius from the Center Spot where kickoffs occur. See Parts Of The Soccer Field.

Center Forward

Another term for a Striker, referring to the forward player positioned in the central attacking area.

Centering Pass

A pass from a player located near the touchline/sideline towards the center of the field. Sometimes substituted for the term “cross.” A player may yell “center it!” in order to facilitate a teammate to cross the ball toward the middle of the pitch for a scoring chance. See A Cross Or A Centering Pass?

Center Spot

A small circular mark in the exact middle of the pitch. The Center Circle (see above) surrounds the Center Spot. The ball is placed on the Center Spot at the beginning of the first and second half, and after a goal is scored to restart play. See Parts Of The Soccer Field.

Champions League

The Champions League is an annual tournament that features the top club teams from Europe. Aside from the World Cup, the Champions League is the second most prestigious competition in the sport. To qualify for the Champions League, a team needs to place in the top four positions of the table in the top European leagues, such as La Liga, the Premier League, Serie A, etc., at the conclusion of the season.

Championship Sunday

Championship Sunday is the final day of the English Premier League (EPL) season. It’s an exciting day for football fans as it often determines the league’s champions, as well as the final standings, which can impact relegation and qualification for various European competitions like the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League. The term “Championship Sunday” is used because it’s the day when the league championship is usually decided. Matches involving the top teams in the league are scheduled simultaneously to create suspense and excitement (as well as to prevent game fixing). If two or more teams are in contention for the title, the team that performs best on Championship Sunday is crowned the champion. This final day of the EPL season is marked by intense competition, dramatic moments, and celebrations for the winning team.

Chance

A Chance refers to a goal scoring opportunity.

Channel

The space or corridor between defenders or between defensive lines that attacking players aim to penetrate. These channels provide pathways for passes, runs, or dribbles, allowing the team in possession to advance and create goal-scoring opportunities. Recognizing and utilizing channels effectively is a key tactical element, helping to exploit the opposition’s defensive weaknesses and Break Their Lines.

Check / Checking In

A double move, going in direction and then suddenly reversing to go in the opposite direction, which is performed by a player in order to create space between the player and the defender who is marking him/her. See Soccer Definition: Check / Checking.

Chest Trap

Controlling the ball with the chest area of the body.

Chip

A technique of lifting the ball off the ground with a short, controlled kick, often used to bypass defenders or the goalkeeper.

Chipping (The Goalkeeper)

A Chip shot that goes over the head of a goalie who’s rushing an attacker. This often happens on a breakaway, or when the goalkeeper is out of position – away from the goal.

Clean Sheet

(Also Known As A Shutout)
If the goalkeeper has not allowed in a goal at the end of a soccer game, he/she is said to have a “Clean Sheet.” Although, the term is mostly applied to goalkeepers, the statistic is recorded for the entire team.

Clearance – Clearing The Ball

A long kick, usually by a defender, that relieves offensive pressure.

Cleats

Specialized athletic shoes (sometimes called “boots”) containing protrusions from the sole to increase traction on the field. The “studs” can either be small round “nubbins” or blades. Studs made out of metal are not allowed in youth soccer matches.

Cleat Marks

Stud marks left on a player’s body from being raked on by an opponent’s cleats. Do this to another player, and you’ll find yourself, at best, in the referee’s book, or at worst, sent off the field with a Red Card.

Clinical (Goal)

A goal scored with perfect technique, precision and accuracy. Also refers to a Striker who rarely misses when he/she gets a scoring chance in front of goal.

Close Down

A defending technique that is used when an opponent receives the ball with his/her back to you. As soon as you recognize that an opponent near you is about to receive the ball, you immediately and quickly move behind them and apply pressure. The idea is to stress them out to such a degree that they cannot turn to go on goal and must play the ball back or sideways. More advanced players can Close Down opponents at an angle to force them to play in certain directions, such as towards a sideline or into their teammates so they can win back possession.

Commit

When a player decisively engages in a soccer action.

Compress

To reduce the space between the forward, midfield and the defensive lines.

Contain

A defensive strategy used by players to slow down the opposition’s attacking progress without committing fully to a tackle or challenge in order to get to allow your teammates to get back on defense. Effective Containing  doesn’t allow the player with the ball to get by you and denies the attackers from penetrating your defense.

Control

Manipulation of the ball so that settles close to the feet in order to quickly execute a pass or a shot.

Controlling Surface

The part of the body in contact with the ball to bring it under control.

Cool Down

A period of specialized activity at the end of a training session or game that allows for a soccer player to return his/her body temperature to normal. This period of low-intensity exercises and stretching allows the body to gradually transition from high-intensity work to a state of rest and recovery. The primary goal of a Cool Down is to facilitate the body’s return to its pre-exercise state, reduce the risk of injury, and promote a faster recovery.

Corner Arc

A one yard quarter-circle extending from each of the four corners of the field that denotes the area where a corner kick can be taken from when the ball goes over the Endline by the defending team. See Parts Of The Soccer Field.

Corner Flag

The flag located at each of the four corners of the field at the intersection of the Endline and Sideline. It helps the referee and sideline judges determine when the ball is out of play from a distance. See Parts Of The Soccer Field.

Corner Kick

When the ball is last touched over the Endline (Goal Line) by the team who is defending the goal on that side of the field, a Corner Kick is awarded to the opposite team. The direct kick is taken within the corner arc next to the corner flag on side of the field where the ball exited the field of play.

Counter Attack

A rapid attacking play initiated by the defending team after winning possession. The idea is to exploit the opponent’s offensive posture while they are transitioning to defense.

Counter Press

A tactic to close the ball down and try to regain possession as soon as a team loses the ball to the opponent.

Cover

To take up a defensive position, usually goal-side, next to an opponent — can also be referred to as “Marking.” In addition, “Cover” is another name for the “Second Defender” in the Pressure, Cover, Balance defensive system. In this system, “Cover” refers to the second layer of defensive support behind the player applying immediate pressure on the ball carrier. When the First Defender – the player applying pressure – commits to closing down the opponent in possession of the ball, the Second Defender positions themselves in a way that covers potential passing lanes or space that the attacker could exploit if the attacker “beats” the First Defender.

Cross

A pass delivered from wide areas (flanks / sidelines) into the penalty box. Smarter Soccer must emphasize that a Cross Is A Pass.

Crossbar

The 24 foot long horizontal spar that connects the top of the two 8 foot tall Posts to form the goal. See Parts Of The Soccer Field.

Cruyff Turn

A deceptive dribbling move named after legendary Dutch player and coach Johan Cruyff, where the player feigns to pass or shoot but quickly manipulates the ball behind them, changing direction.

Cushion / Cushioning

A way of controlling the ball to absorb its energy.

Cut Down The Angle / Cutting Angles

A defensive position that prohibits an opponent in possession of the ball to pass to another teammate. Also pertains to a Goalkeeper’s positioning in order to limit an attacker’s access to the goal.

Soccer Definitions

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Dangerous Play

When a play on the ball that is blatantly unsafe and hazardous to an opponent. It involves actions that are not necessarily intended to cause harm but still pose a risk due to their reckless or careless nature.

Dead Ball

When play has stopped due to an infraction, foul, corner kick or free kick and the ball is not moving. During a Dead Ball situation, players cannot directly score a goal, and the game is momentarily paused until the ball is put back into play by the referee.
★ A “Dead Ball Foul” is when an infraction takes place when play has stopped. This includes a push, head butt, fighting, etc.

Decoy Run

A Decoy Run is when a player makes a purposeful but misleading run to divert the attention of defenders and create space for a teammate. It’s a tactical move to confuse the opposition and open up opportunities for an attack.

Defenders

The players on a team that are trying to stop the forward progress of the team with the ball, as well as dispossess them of the ball.
★ Remember, all  positions play defense.

Defensive Line

The group of defenders positioned along a strict horizontal line to maintain their team’s defensive shape and and set the offside trap.

Defending Team

The team that does not have possession of the ball.

Defense

A team’s function of preventing the opposition from scoring. “Playing Defense” refers to the team tactically functioning to dispossess the ball from the attacking team, preventing the opposing team from scoring goals and maintaining defensive stability.
★ Remember, all  positions play defense.

Defense (Behind The- / Back Of The-)

The area between the goalkeeper and the last defender.

Defensive Third

The Defensive Third is the area near your goal where your team will be defending against an opponent in possession trying to score on your goal. See our free download The Soccer Thirds.

Deflection

A term used to describe the behavior of the ball after it inadvertently bounces off a player or a part of the goal.

Direct (Free) Kick

A direct free kick in soccer is awarded to the attacking team when the opposing team commits a foul or handball offense outside their own penalty area. It provides a valuable goal-scoring opportunity as the attacking team can shoot directly at the goal without the ball needing to touch another player first.

Disguise

A scheme to camouflage a team’s formation or conceal their strategy by acting one way, but doing something else in order to gain a tactical advantage.

Dive / Diving

The unsportsmanlike act of intentionally falling or exaggerating contact with an opposing player in order to deceive the referee into awarding his/her team a free kick, or worse, a penalty kick. See Diving.

Diving Header

A diving header in soccer is a technique where a player launches themselves off the ground to direct the ball.

Draw

A game that ends in a tie score, for example 3-3.

Dribbling

The skill of running with the ball while maintaining control and maneuvering around opponents.

Drop (Off)

A term used to inform an individual player, or even a group of players, to retreat.

Drop Ball

A method used by the referee to restart play after stopping it for an injury or other unforeseen circumstances. This specialized procedure allows a referee to restart the game by dropping the ball between two players. Similar to a Face-Off in Hockey, the opposing players must wait for the ball to hit the ground before contact.

Drop Kick

A specialized timing kick utilized by a goalkeeper. The goalie drops the ball in front of him/her and then kicks it just after it bounces up off the ground.

Dummy

A deceptive tactic, used by attacking players, usually near the top of the 18 yard line, where one player pretends to receive a pass, but instead lets the ball go between his legs to another attacker coming up behind him. Very effective for unbalancing a defense by having them over-commit pressure to the wrong player, allowing the true receiver coming in on the backside to have an open shot on goal.

Soccer Definitions

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English Premier League

All Known As The EPL
The English Premier League (EPL) is the top-tier professional football (soccer) league in England. It features 20 of the best football clubs in the country, and it’s one of the most popular and competitive football leagues in the world. Teams compete in a season-long campaign, playing each other twice, once at home and once away. The EPL is known for its high-quality football, top international talent, and widespread global fan base. It operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL), meaning the teams finishing at the bottom of the EPL are relegated to the EFL Championship, and the top teams from the Championship are promoted to the EPL each season. The EPL champion is awarded the Premier League title, and teams also compete for qualification to various international club competitions, such as the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League.

Expected Assists (xA)

(Often Called “xA”)
Expected assists (xA) measure the likelihood that a given pass will lead to a goal. It looks at several factors including the type of pass, pass end-point, the weight of the pass and length of pass.

Expected Goals (xG)

(Often Called “xG”)
Expected Goals (xG) are a statistical metric in soccer that quantifies the likelihood of a particular goal-scoring opportunity resulting in a goal. It takes into account various factors such as shot location, shot type, assist type, and other situational variables to provide a numerical value indicating the probability of a shot being scored. It’s used to analyze the quality of scoring chances during a match and assess a team’s or player’s effectiveness in converting these opportunities into goals.

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False Nine

A False Nine is a Striker who drops deep into midfield or even deeper areas, leaving the Center Forward position vacant. This tactical approach aims to draw defenders out of position, create space, and disrupt the opponent’s defensive structure, allowing other players to exploit the openings.
★ The term False Nine is sometimes used interchangeably with “Withdrawn Forward,” although there are differences in the tactical approach (See Withdrawn Forward below).

Far Post

The goal post farthest from the position of player with the ball on the field.

Fake

To start in one direction and then go the opposite way. Used by players in various game situations (dribbling, passing, shooting, throw-in, etc.) where deception provides advantage.
★ Never be predictable.

Feints

Body movements designed to unbalance an opponent. Can be used interchangeably with Fake (see above). A Feint in soccer is a deceptive body movement executed by a player to mislead opponents and create space or gain an advantage. It involves making a quick, sudden change in direction or body position.

Field


(Also known as Pitch)
The area where a soccer game is played. The field is a rectangle measuring 100-130 yards length by 45-90 yards wide.

First To The Ball

First To The Ball refers to a player who reaches the ball before any opposing player, demonstrating quick reactions, anticipation, and a strong work rate.
★ You may hear your coach say they want you to be “First To The Ball” during pregame or halftime speeches to inspire your team to be aggressive in your desire to gain possession or control of the ball, and not sit back and wait until the ball comes to you.

Flat Back

Refers to Defenders, usually four, who defend zonally in a straight line across the field.

Flick

A quick and light touch on the ball, usually with the foot or head, to redirect its trajectory.

Flight

The trajectory of the ball in the air.

Football

Basically, the name for soccer everywhere in the world except the United States of America.
★ Sorry we’re so difficult.

Formation

The strategic arrangement of players on the field, usually denoted by numbers (4-4-2, 4-3-3), indicating the number of defenders, midfielders, and attackers. When describing a formation using numerical values, you don’t include the goalkeeper. Some typical formations include: 4-4-2 four defenders, four midfielders and two attackers; 3-5-2 three defenders, five midfielders and two attackers; 4-3-3 four defenders, three midfielders and three attackers. However, in the modern game, the numbers can be more elaborate and denote additional lines. For example, the 4-2-3-1 means four defenders, two holding midfielders, three midfielders and one forward. See our free download: Soccer Positions By Numbers.

Forward

An offensive player, also known as an Attacker. A Forward who plays in the center of the field and presses the defense as far up the field as possible is known as a Striker.

Forward Pass

A pass played in the direction of the opponent’s goal, aiming to advance the ball.

Foul

A term to describe a rule violation by one player against his/her opponent.

Free Kick

A set-piece awarded to a team following a foul by the opposition. The attacking team is given an opportunity to take a free shot or pass the ball without interference from the defending team.

Futsal

Futsal is an indoor variant of soccer played on a hard court with a smaller, heavier ball and teams of five players, including a goalkeeper. The game emphasizes technical proficiency, quick transitions, creativity, and teamwork. Futsal is played on a specialized hard-floor “field” with minimal markings and a smaller, low-bounce ball. Futsal is the only FIFA-approved version of indoor soccer.

Soccer Definitions

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G

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Giving Advantage

See “Advantage” above.

Goal

A goal is awarded when the ball completely passes over the goal line inside the goal posts and cross bar. A single “point” is tallied per goal. The whole idea of football/soccer: to score more goals than the opposing team.

Goal Area

The rectangular box directly in front of each goal that extends 6 yards from the end line and is usually about 20 yards wide. See our free download: Parts Of The Soccer Field.

Goal Creating Actions

(Also Called “GCA”)
Goal Creating Actions (GCA) are the actions or involvements by a player that directly contribute to the creation of a goal-scoring opportunity for their team. This can include key passes, dribbles, or other plays that lead to a shot on goal. GCA is a statistical measure used to evaluate a player’s ability to influence the offensive aspects of the game by actively participating in the creation of goals.

Goal Differential

The Goal Differential is a teams total goals scored minus their goals conceded during a single season or a tournament. See “Differential” above.

Goal Kick


(Also known as the Wing)
If the attacking team kicks the ball over the end line (goal line), a direct kick is awarded to the defending team. The kick can be taken anywhere inside the Goal Area.

Goal Line

(Also called the End Line)
The Goal Line is a perimeter boundary at both ends of the field where the goals are located. The goal posts, on both sides of the field, rest on the Goal line and if the ball completely crosses this line inside the goal, a Spanish commentator will scream Goooooooooooooooooooooooooal! for a span of time not thought humanly possible.
★ Some will describe the Goal Line as the part of the End Line between the two Goal Posts.

Goal Side

(Goal Side Of The Ball)
A defending term used to describe a defensive player positioning themselves between the goal and attacking player. When using this term, the attacking player that the defensive player is marking “Goal Side” usually does not have possession of the ball.

Golden Goal

(Sudden Death)
If a match is tied at the end of the regulation time, an additional period of extra time (usually two halves of 15 minutes each) is played to determine the winner. During this extra time, the first team to score a goal is declared the winner, and the match immediately ends, which is why it is called the “Golden Goal.” If neither team scored a goal during extra time, the match would proceed to a Penalty Shootout to decide the winner. Before being discontinued, the Golden Goal rule was used primarily in knockout matches during specific tournaments, such as the FIFA World Cup, UEFA European Championship, etc. However, it is no longer used in professional competitions and has been replaced by two periods of extra time that are played to their conclusion, no matter how many goals are scored. If no goals are scored during the extra time periods, then the match is decided in a Penalty Shootout.
★ Some youth tournaments and leagues still use the Golden Goal format.

Soccer Definitions

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H

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Halfspace

Soccer tacticians often discuss vertical and horizontal areas of space on the soccer field. Vertical space is known as “Between The Lines” — the Lines or “Blocks” referring to the Forwards, Midfielders or Defenders. But what about the horizontal areas of space? Tacticians break up the field horizontally into five zones, the Wide Spaces next to the sidelines, the Center Space down the middle of the field (usually the width of the Center Circle, and finally the Half-Spaces, between the Wide Spaces and the Center Space (see diagram below). So why is the Half Space so important?

Well, for starters, players who operate in the Half Spaces have a unique perspective of the field. Instead of being directly in front of the goal, which is the most crowded area when attacking, they are to the side, giving them a great viewpoint to either distribute dangerous passes into the box, or to take a shot themselves.

Halftime

The brief intermission between the two 45 minute halves of a game usually lasting 15 minutes.

Half Volley

A shot or pass made just after the ball bounces off the ground, but before it reaches its peak.

Header


(Also known as the Head Ball)
A technique of playing the ball using the head.

Heading

The act of striking the ball with a player’s head, usually the “bony landmark” at the top of the forehead.

Holding Midfielder

A Holding Midfielder is a player positioned in central midfield with a strong focus on defensive responsibilities. This player’s primary role involves intercepting opponent’s passes, disrupting their attacks, and providing a shield for the defense. Additionally, the holding midfielder plays a key role in distributing the ball to initiate attacks while ensuring the team’s defensive stability remains intact. This position serves as a key link between the defense and the attacking players, providing a crucial balance between defensive duties and initiating the team’s build-up play.

Hydration Break

A Hydration Break is a brief stoppage of play, usually during hot weather conditions, to allow players to rehydrate and cool down. It’s a measure taken to ensure player safety and prevent heat-related issues during the match.
★ United States’ MLS league mandates the use of hydration breaks if the WetBulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) measures 82 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. However, the referee can, at any time, implement a discretionary hydration break in cases in which player safety is determined to be at risk.

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Illegal Throw-In

An Illegal Throw-In refers to a Throw-In where the player making the throw does not follow the proper procedure outlined in the Laws of the Game. This includes failing to keep both feet on the ground, not using both hands to deliver the ball, or not throwing the ball from behind and over the head. An illegal throw-in results in a turnover, with the opposing team being awarded a throw-in at the same location.

In Bounds

Inside the boundary of play. “The ball stayed in bounds ref!” — meaning it didn’t go out of play. The opposite of In Bounds is “Out Of Bounds” when the ball leaves the field of play by going completely over an end line or a side line.

Incidental Contact

Incidental Contact is unintentional physical contact that occurs during the normal course of play and does not involve a deliberate foul or an aggressive challenge. Incidental contact is considered a natural part of the game and is generally not penalized, as long as it does not result in an unfair advantage or endanger the safety of players. Referees use their judgment to distinguish between incidental contact and deliberate fouls when making decisions during a match.

Indirect Kick

An Indirect Kick is awarded by the referee for a minor infraction that is a foul or a violation of the rules, but is not serious enough to present a immediate goal scoring opportunity. An Indirect Kick must be touched by one other player before an attempt is made on goal in order for the goal to count. If an Indirect does not touch another player before crossing the goal line, the goal is disallowed. 
 The purpose of awarding an indirect kick is to encourage fair play and ensure that less serious infractions are penalized without being overly punitive.
★ An Indirect Kick can be awarded within the penalty area at the spot of the foul or infraction without it being automatically upgraded to a penalty kick. Such offenses include: The goalkeeper handling the ball for more than six seconds after controlling it with their hands. The goalkeeper touching the ball with their hands after it has been deliberately kicked to them by a teammate. The goalkeeper touching the ball with their hands after receiving it directly from a throw-in taken by a teammate. The goalkeeper handling the ball, dropping it to their feet, dribbling it and then picking it back up.

In Play

When the ball stays within the boundaries of the field or when the game has not been stopped by the referee.

Injury Time

Can be used interchangeably with Stoppage Time, Extra Time or Added Time, but is actually the time added onto the clock the end of each half to make up for player injuries. The Injury Time is controlled by the referee in youth or scholastic games and the Fourth Official in professional leagues. The time is often arbitrary and never seems to actually match up with the above criteria, which is another cause for controversy and fuels many testy “discussions.”

Instep

(Also called the Laces)
A shot or pass using the Instep of the foot. Often misdescribed as “the Laces,” the kick actually contacts the “bony landmark” (the hard bone on the top of the foot) just inside of the laces. This is the main reason modern cleats often use an asymmetrical lacing scheme to free the bony landmark from the biased laces section of the player’s cleat. In most instances, an instep shot yields the most power and speed.

In-Swinger

A kick where the ball bends or curves toward the goal. This is often used to refer to a Corner Kick that looks like it’s heading towards the Penalty Spot, but then curves towards the back post.

Interception

When a player blocks or takes control of an opponent’s pass. It involves Reading The Game, anticipating the opponent’s pass, and positioning oneself effectively to cut off the passing lane in order to seize the ball, thus disrupting the opponent’s attacking play.
★ In soccer, intercepting the ball can be devastating to the opposing team. Why?  Because it immediately sets up a counter attack. The team on the attack suddenly finds themselves suddenly having to defend and often they are not prepared mentally or positionally to deal with just losing the ball. PS. Coaches love players who can successfully intercept passes.

Inverted

This is a modification to team shape that the brilliant Pep Guardiola has implemented in his tactical approach to the game with great success. (See the definition for “Shape”). Players are “offset” from their traditional positioning to provide a tactical advantage. It’s often used to refer to outside defenders who play more of Holding Midfield position – forward of the defensive line – providing a numerical advantage in the midfield. An inverted “W” shape would look like a “M” and an inverted “V” would look like an “A.”

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Kickoff

The method of starting each half, or restarting the game after a goal. The ball is placed on the Center Spot in the middle of the Center Circle and the team in possession passes it to a teammate. According to THE INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION BOARD (IFAB) who call themselves the GUARDIANS OF THE LAWS OF THE GAME (catchy, right??)  here’s the full procedure for how a Kickoff is conducted.
➀ The referee tosses a coin and the team that wins the toss decides which goal to attack in the first half or to take the Kickoff
➁ Depending on the above, their opponents take the Kickoff or decide which goal to attack in the first half
➂ The team that decided which goal to attack in the first half takes the Kickoff to start the second half
➃ For the second half, the teams change ends and attack the opposite goals
➄ After a team scores a goal, the Kickoff is taken by their opponents

Kickoff Requirements:
✓ All players, except the player taking the Kickoff, must be in their own half of the field of play
✓ The opponents of the team taking the Kickoff must be at least 9.15 m (10 yds) from the ball until it is in play
✓ The ball must be stationary on the Center Spot
✓ The referee blows the whistle / gives the signal
✓ The ball is in play when it is kicked and clearly moves
✓ A goal may be scored directly against the opponents from the Kickoff
✓ If the ball directly enters the kicker’s goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opponents. Wait. What?? How can a Kickoff go directly into the kicker’s own goal?? It’s not likely, but it certainly is possible. Since a Kickoff no longer requites the kicker to move the ball forward, he/she can kick it directly backwards to one of their teammates. If they just love “Building Out Of The Back,” they may try and kick it back to their own goalkeeper. If the goalkeeper goes to try and kick the ball and misses, and the ball goes into the goal, then the opposing team is awarded a Corner Kick. You may hear someone yell: “Harry McGuire!!” if this ever happens.

Kit

British slang for a full uniform: Jersey, Shorts, Socks.

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Linesman

(Assistant Referee)
An assistant referee responsible for signaling when the ball goes out of play, for offside decisions and for fouls/infractions the referee may have not seen.

Line Of Recovery

The path a defender takes when running back towards his/her goal to get on the Goalside of the ball.

Lofted Pass

A type of pass that floats, usually over defenders, before dropping to the ground. It is achieved by striking the bottom of the ball with the top of the toes/instep to create backspin.
★ Lofted passes are great to deliver passes over the defense that your forwards can run onto. By using backspin, the ball’s trajectory will drop at the apex and then quickly settle, unlike driven passes that tend to run on after hitting the ground.

Long Ball

A long pass either from the defenders to the forwards, or from one side of the field to another. The idea is to eliminate as many opposing players on the field, set up breakaways and to switch the field, if your team is being overloaded on the sideline.

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Man-To-Man

A type of Marking (see below), where a player doesn’t allow an opponent to get out of arms reach.
✭ This strategy can be used throughout the game if your opponent has one particularly strong player that needs to be neutralized.

Man On

A way to communicate to a teammate that an opponent is approaching from their blind side.
✭ This type of communication is incredibly helpful and should be used whenever necessary. If you’re close enough to your teammate, immediately move into a passing lane and call for the ball.

Mark / Marking

(Can Also Be Called “Covering”)
The act of defending a specific opponent closely to prevent them from receiving the ball or executing their intended actions.

Matchup

A term to describe how players from opposite sides compare to each other in terms of ability. It involves analyzing strengths, weaknesses, playing styles, and tactics to strategize how to gain an advantage over an opponent, both defensively and offensively. Successful matchups contribute to controlling key areas of the field, creating goal-scoring opportunities, and minimizing the opponent’s effectiveness.

Mechanics

(Short For Biomechanics)
Biomechanics in soccer refers to the study of the mechanical principles and movements of the human body as they pertain to the sport. It involves analyzing how players’ bodies interact with the playing surface, the ball, and their own movements during various actions such as passing, shooting, dribbling, and tackling. Biomechanics in soccer aims to understand the optimal techniques for these actions to enhance performance, prevent injuries, and improve overall player efficiency and effectiveness on the field.

Middle Third

The Middle Third is defined by Smarter Soccer as the transitioning area on the field between the Defensive Third and the Attacking Third. See our free download The Soccer Thirds.

Midfielder

(Also Called Halfback)
A player positioned in the middle of the field, responsible for linking defense and attack, distributing the ball, and supporting both offensive and defensive play.

Midfield Line

(Also Called Halfway Line Or Center Line)
A line marking on the field, extending from sideline to sideline that cuts the field in half. See our free download Parts Of The Soccer Field.

Misconduct

Misconduct refers to actions by players, coaches, or team officials that violate the rules and spirit of the game, leading to disciplinary actions. It encompasses behaviors such as fouls, unsporting conduct, dissent, violent conduct, and other infringements that warrant penalties such as a caution, free kicks, or even player dismissals (red card).

Mismatch

Where a player on one team is vastly superior in ability to an opponent he/she is lined up against. It usually is used to describe an offensive player who is lined up against a defender. For example, a Striker against a Centerback or a Winger against an outside Defender.
✭ Coaches always look for favorable “Matchups” (see above) on the field to gain an advantage. While coaches try to switch players or make substitutions when they recognize one of their players is on the wrong end of a Mismatch.

Mobility

Mobility pertains to a player’s ability to move efficiently and effectively on the field, encompassing a range of movements such as running, changing direction, and agility. It emphasizes the physical attributes and techniques needed to navigate the pitch, maintain proper positioning, and respond to various game situations. Mobility is crucial for both offensive and defensive actions, contributing to a player’s overall performance and adaptability during matches. Mobility also refers to an individual’s flexibility, joint range of motion, and pliability, all of which impact their ability to perform skills effectively, maintain balance during challenges, and respond swiftly to dynamic game scenarios.

Move

In soccer, Move can mean two different things. First, it can mean to travel from one place on the field to another. For example, “Pass & Move” relates to passing the ball and then moving into space or a passing lane. Second, it can be a 1v1 Move, which combines deceptive ball control and footwork to maneuver around an opponent.

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Narrowing The Angle

(Also Known As Cutting The Angle)
Mainly pertains to a Goalkeeper’s positioning in order to limit an attacker’s access to the goal. By moving towards the shot taker, the target area of the goal mouth is reduced.

Near Post

The goal post closest to the ball’s location.

Numbers Up

(Can Also Be Called Numerical Advantage)
A team with more players in a part of the field, than the opponent.

Numbers Down

(Can Also Be Called Numerical Disadvantage)
A team with less players in a part of the field, than the opponent.

Numerical Advantage

(Can Also Be Called Numbers Up)
Moments where a team has more players than the opposing team in special areas of the field. Usually pertains to attacking circumstances, but can also be used to describe defensive conditions.

Numerical Disadvantage

(Can Also Be Called Numbers Down)
Moments where a team has more players than the opposing team in special areas of the field. Usually pertains to defensive circumstances, but can also be used to describe offensive conditions.

Numerical Superiority

(Can Also Be Called Numbers Up / Numerical Superiority)
Moments where a team has more players than the opposing team in special areas of the field. Usually pertains to attacking circumstances, but can also be used to describe defensive conditions.
✭ Your coach may use the term Numerical Superiority when discussing a tactic called Positional Play (see below).

Nutmeg

(Also Called Panna)
When a player passes the ball through an opponent’s legs while retaining possession.

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Obstruction

Obstruction, also known as “impeding the progress of an opponent,” refers to a player illegally using their body to block or obstruct an opponent’s movement to the ball, without challenging for the ball, and thereby preventing their ability to play.

Officials

Officials are another name for both the match referee and his/her assistant referees (also known as linesmen). The match referee is responsible for enforcing the Laws Of The Game, starting/restarting play, keeping track of the game clock, recording bookings, tallying the score, making decisions regarding fouls, and ensuring fair play during the game. Assistant referees assist the referee by indicating offside decisions and helping to make calls along the touchlines.

Offside

(Or A Concept In Soccer That No One Can Seem To Get Right — Even IFAB)
A player is in an offside position if: any part of the head, body or feet is in the opponents’ half (excluding the halfway line) and any part of the head, body or feet is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent. The hands and arms of all players, including the goalkeepers, are not considered. For the purposes of determining offside, the upper boundary of the arm is in line with the bottom of the armpit. A player is considered offside if they are nearer to the opponent’s goal than both the ball and the second-last defender the moment the ball is played to them.
✭ You cannot be offside in your own half, during a throw-in, during a corner kick or if the ball goes directly to you from a goal kick.

Offside Trap

(Also Called Panna)
The Offside Trap is a coordinated defensive strategy where the defensive line moves forward in unison, attempting to catch attacking players in an offside position when the ball is played to them.

Off The Ball

A player that is away from the ball.

Off The Ball Movement

A player’s movement when away from the ball that influences game play.

One Touch

One touch refers to a passing technique where a player quickly moves the ball to a teammate with a single touch, without controlling or stopping it first. This immediate exchange of the ball enhances ball circulation, maintains possession, and accelerates gameplay by minimizing the time between receiving and releasing the pass. It demands awareness, precision, anticipation, and ball control skills.

One-Two

(Can Also Be Called Give-and-Go or a Wall Pass)
A One-Two is a coordinated passing maneuver involving two players in the attacking phase of play. The first player passes the ball to a teammate and then immediately makes a well-timed run to receive a return pass in a favorable position. This quick passing combination creates a dynamic attacking opportunity by bypassing opponents and exploiting spaces.
✭ One-Two’s can be devastating on the attack, but players need to communicate their intention for successful execution of this timed technique.

One-V-One / 1v1

(Pronounced “One Vee One” — the V is short for Versus)
1v1 refers to a situation where one attacking player directly challenges one defending player. It’s essentially a head-to-head battle between the attacker trying to beat their opponent and the defender aiming to stop them. This duel can happen anywhere on the field, and some coaches feel it is the basis for all soccer tactics.

On Goal / On Frame / On Target

Interchangeable terms meaning a shot taken will score if the Goalkeeper doesn’t save it. As opposed to a shot that soars over the crossbar or misses to either side of the goal.

Out of Bounds / Out Of Play

When the ball fully crosses the sideline or the goal line. The entire ball must cross the line for the ball to be considered Out Of Bounds — this is something parents on the sideline often get wrong, so continue playing until you hear the whistle. When the ball crosses the sideline / touchline, it is brought back into play with a Throw-in. When the ball goes completely over the goal line / endline, it results in either a corner kick or a goal kick.

Onsides

The opposite of Offsides.

Overlap

Overlap is a coordinated tactical maneuver near the sidelines where a player from a deeper position, often a defender, runs past a teammate carrying the ball ahead of them, typically a forward. This strategic movement creates numerical superiority on the flank, confuses defenders, and allows the overlapping player to receive a pass in a more advanced position, potentially delivering crosses or contributing to goal-scoring opportunities.

Overhead Kick

A spectacular technique of shooting or passing the ball while airborne and striking it with one leg overhead.

Overload

A situation where one team increases the amount of players in one portion of the field to create a numerical advantage.

Overload To Isolate

Overload to isolate is a strategic approach where a team creates a numerical advantage in a specific area of the field to draw defenders towards it. This overload draws opponents towards the ball, which can then be quickly moved to a less crowded area, isolating an individual player against an opponent. The isolated player gains more space and time to exploit the situation effectively, aiming to beat the defender and contribute to the team’s attacking play.

Own Goal

A goal scored when a player accidentally puts the ball in his/her own goal. See Harry Maguire.

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Pace

Ball speed.

Panenka

The Panenka penalty kick, named after Czech player Antonín Panenka, is a technique that involves calmly chipping the ball directly down the middle of the goal. The concept evolved when Antonín Panenka realized that during penalty kicks, the goalkeeper usually dives to one side or the other trying to correctly guess which side the penalty taker was going to kick the ball. Thus, by chipping it down the middle, he can take advantage of the goalkeeper’s actions.

Panna

(Also Called A Nutmeg)
When a player passes the ball through an opponent’s legs while retaining possession.

Park The Bus

Parking The Bus refers to a defensive tactic where a team focuses primarily on defending by positioning all or most of their players deep in their own half of the field, close to their own goal. This strategy aims to create a strong defensive barrier that is difficult for the opposing team to break through. It’s typically employed when a team is leading and wants to protect their lead or when a team with weaker players is facing a stronger opponent, aiming to prevent conceding goals.

Pass / Passing

The act of transferring the ball to a teammate.

Pass Into Space

A Pass Into Space is a pass to a teammate that is delivered into an open area of the field so he/she can run onto the ball. In other words, Passing into space refers to delivering a pass not directly to a teammate’s feet, but to an open area of the field where the teammate is expected to move into. This strategic pass aims to exploit gaps in the opposition’s defensive, enabling the receiving player to accelerate into the space and maintain possession.
★ A Through Ball is a specific type of Pass Into Space. Its objective is to penetrate a team’s defensive line and allow a teammate to gain possession in an attacking posture.

Passes Per Defensive Action

(Also Called “PPDA” For Short)
Passes Per Defensive Action (PPDA) is a metric used to assess a team’s defensive intensity and pressing. It calculates the average number of opponent passes allowed by a team before they make a defensive action (such as a tackle, interception, or foul) to regain possession. A lower PPDA value indicates a team that applies high pressure and tries to win the ball back quickly in the opponent’s half, while a higher value suggests a more passive or deeper defensive approach. It is calculated by the number of opposition passes allowed outside of the pressing team’s own defensive third, divided by the number of defensive actions by the pressing team outside of their own defensive third. A lower figure indicates a higher level of pressing (pressuring the team with the ball), while a higher figure indicates a lower level of pressing.

Passive Offside

Passive Offside refers to a situation where an offside player doesn’t actively participate in the play. Although positioned in an offside position during a teammate’s action, if the offside player doesn’t interfere with an opponent or gain an advantage from their position, the referee might allow play to continue. The offside is considered “passive” since the player’s presence alone doesn’t impact the outcome of the play.

Penalty Arc

The Penalty Arc is a curved line or semicircle situated at the top of the penalty area, 9.15 meters (10 yards) from the penalty spot. It serves as a visual reference for players during penalty kicks and indicates the minimum distance non-kicking players must maintain from the penalty spot during the kick. See Parts Of The Soccer Field

Penalty Area

(Also known as the “18-yard box” or “Penalty Box”)
The rectangular area in front of each goal where fouls committed by the defending team can lead to penalty kicks. See Parts Of The Soccer Field

Penalty Kick

(Sometimes Called A Penalty Shot)
The Penalty Kick in soccer is a direct free kick taken from the penalty spot, located 11 meters (12 yards) from the goal line. It’s awarded to the attacking team if a foul or infringement occurs by the defending team within their own penalty area. During a penalty kick, only the goalkeeper and the player taking the kick are allowed in the penalty area, while all other players must remain outside the Penalty Box and Penalty Arc.
★ Players cannot move into the Penalty Area and Arc until the Penalty taker strikes the ball.

Penalty Spot

(Sometimes Called A Penalty Mark)
The small circular spot located 12 yards in front of the center of the goal line from which all penalty kicks are taken.

Penetrate / Penetration

Penetration denotes an attacking action where an attacker or the ball breaks through the opponent’s defensive lines. It involves exploiting spaces, quick movements, and creative passes to disrupt the defense and create goal-scoring opportunities.

Pick

(Also Called A Screen)
Taken from Basketball, a Pick is a way of freeing up a teammate from a marking defender to receive the ball in space. Creating a Pick in soccer involves using tactical positioning to block or obstruct an opponent’s movement. Just like in basketball, a pick helps free up a player from defensive pressure, and is often used on set plays, especially Corner Kicks.

Pinny

A colored vest worn by players at practice to designate teams or groups.

Pivot / Double Pivot

A Pivot refers to a player, often positioned centrally, who serves as a key link between the defensive and offensive aspects of the team’s play, as well as the wide players on either side of the field. They are responsible for distributing the ball, maintaining possession, and facilitating the transition from defense to attack.
A Double Pivot is when two players work together in the middle of the field, often in the Holding Midfielder roles. They stay just ahead of the defenders, in the middle of the full-backs or wing-backs, and behind the attacking Midfielders. This duo helps the team keep control of the ball and assists with defending the other team’s Forwards. It is often used in a 4-2-3-1 formation.

Pitch

(Same As Field)
The official rectangular playing area for soccer where the game takes place. It encompasses the entire area within the boundary lines, including the goal areas, penalty areas, and center circle Its dimensions are defined by the Laws of the Game.

Play On

A term used by referees to indicate Advantage (see above). When a referee yells “Play on!” – the gameplay will continue without a foul being called.

Playing To Feet

Playing To Feet refers to a pass that goes directly to a teammate, so they don’t have to move back towards their own goal or run forward to get it under control. The opposite to Playing Into Space.
★ If you hear you coach yell at you to “Play To Feet!” it means your pass accuracy is poor.

Poke

A tackling technique where a defender uses their toe to punch the ball away from an attacker.
★ The downside is that once the ball is poked away, it’s hard for you to gain possession.

Possession

The team or player who has the ball.

Pressure

Pressure is the deliberate effort by defending players to closely engage and challenge the opponent in possession of the ball in order to take the ball away or to limit their time and options. Ultimately, Pressure aims to disrupt the opponent’s possession, force mistakes, and regain control of the ball.

Pull Back

A very effective, change-of-direction ball control skill where a player puts their sole on top of the ball, drags back the ball in the opposite direction, and takes off dribbling.

Punt

A long kick by the goalkeeper to clear his/her defensive third.

Push Up

A term used to get one line of a team (defenders, midfielders, forwards) to play more compressed by closing the space between the line ahead of them. When used with forwards, it’s meant to create pressure on the other team’s defenders, if they’re trying to play out of the back.

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Rabona

A “Rabona” is a skill move where a player kicks the ball by wrapping one leg behind the other, creating a crossed-leg position, and striking the ball. It is meant to surprise opponents when executing a tricky pass or shot.

Reading The Game

Reading The Game” is a player’s ability to analyze and understand the unfolding dynamics on the field. It involves anticipating opponents’ actions, predicting ball movement, and recognizing patterns of play. Players who excel at reading the game can make quicker decisions, position themselves effectively, and react proactively to both offensive and defensive situations. This cognitive skill enhances a player’s overall effectiveness, enabling them to anticipate developments and contribute strategically to their team’s performance.
✭ Reading The Game is a vital part of Soccer Intelligence.

Rebound

A Rebound is when the ball bounces back into play after a shot on goal has been saved, blocked by a defender, or hit the goal frame (such as the post or crossbar).
✭ Smart players look to capitalize on rebounds by following up on shots and then reacting to the ball’s unpredictable trajectory after a rebound or it is “spilled” by the goalie. It requires being relentless in the pursuit of rebounds and savvy positioning to seize the opportunity and convert the second-chance opportunity into a goal-scoring moment.

Receive (The Ball)

The act of a player collecting a pass from a teammate.

Record

A term used to describe a team’s number of Wins, Loses, and Ties during the course of a season.

Recover / Recovery / Recovery Run

The act of returning to your position behind the ball once possession is lost.

Red Card

A card shown by the referee to signal a player’s expulsion from the match due to serious foul play, violent conduct, denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity, or accumulating two yellow cards in the same game. When a player receives a red card, their team must continue the match with one fewer player for the remainder of the game.

Referee

The main match official responsible for enforcing the rules of the game, keeping track of the game clock and stoppage time and making decisions on fouls and other incidents during the course of the match.

Regulation

The two 45 minute halves of a game. Regulation does not include the two 15 minute Extra Time periods that gets tacked on if the game is tied and a winner needs to be determined, such as in a tournament.

Release

When a player leaves a team without being transferred to another team.

Relegation

Relegation is the process where teams with the lowest point totals or rankings in the standings are demoted to a lower-level league for the following season. Typically, the bottom three teams in the rankings are relegated to a lower division, while the three strongest teams from the lower division are promoted to take their place. Relegation serves as a competitive mechanism, motivating teams to maintain good performance to avoid dropping to a lower-tier competition, and providing opportunities for lower-tier teams to advance to a higher level.

Restart

A Restart is when the ball is returned to play after the game was stopped for various reasons, including a goal, an injury, corner kicks, drop balls, free kicks, goal kicks, penalty kicks, and throw-ins.

Reversing the Field

(Also Known As Switching The Field)
Crossing / Passing the ball to a teammate on the opposite side of the field to gain a numerical advantage.

Roof

The top of the goal net inside the goal.

Roofed

When a shot strikes the top of the goal net inside the goal.

Run

A Run is the movement of an attacking player from a position behind the ball into an opening Passing Lane in order to receive the ball in space.

Run(ning) Down the Clock

Run(ning) Down the Clock is a tactic employed by a team that is leading in the latter stages of a match to deliberately slow down the game’s pace, maintain possession, and avoid risky plays. By doing so, they aim to consume as much time as possible from the remaining game duration, reducing the opportunity for the opposing team to mount a comeback. This strategy often involves passing the ball among teammates, holding onto the ball in corners, or even taking longer to restart the game, ultimately aiming to secure the lead and secure the victory.

Run Of Play

Run Of Play refers to the flow and sequence of in-game actions, including passes, tackles, and shots, that occur without interruptions like fouls or stoppages. A dominating team is said to have “run of play.”

Run With The Ball

To dribble up the field unimpeded by defenders.

Run Up The Score / Running Up The Score

Running Up The Score is when a team intentionally continues to score goals even when they have a significant lead in a match. This can reflect a desire to assert dominance, display superior skill, increase their Goal Differential or demoralize the opposing team. While scoring is a fundamental aspect of the game, “running up the score” can be seen as unsportsmanlike, if not done with respect to fair competition and the spirit of the game. See Soccer Players: How To Handle Blowouts for Smarter Soccer’s take on Running Up The Score.

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Safe Side

Safe Side, a relatively new soccer term, means that the player in possession of the ball will keep his/her body between the ball and defender the whole time. Clearly this is similar to Shielding (see below), with the idea being that if a defender tries to tackle, he will only foul, however Safe Said is more offensively minded, while shielding is more defensive. The reason is that Shielding is more of response to a defender actively pressuring for the ball, while Safe Side is more of a tactical decision when the ball carrier recognizes an opponent is about to pressure.

Sandwich

A tactic where two defenders closely converge on an opponent with the ball from opposite sides — essentially sandwiching them between the defenders. This strategy aims to apply pressure and limit the opponent’s movement options, making it difficult for them to pass or dribble effectively. While the tactic itself is not inherently illegal, it can lead to fouls if the defenders use excessive force, make improper challenges, or obstruct the opponent’s movement unfairly.

Save

A Save refers to the action of a goalkeeper preventing a ball from entering the goal or scoring a goal. It involves stopping, catching, deflecting, or parrying the ball to deny the opposing team’s attempt to score.

Scissor Kick

A Scissor Kick is a dynamic and athletic kicking technique where a player strikes the ball using a scissoring motion of their legs while airborne. This acrobatic move involves jumping and extending one leg forward and the other backward, then switching their positions mid-air to strike the ball with the raised leg’s instep. The scissor kick is a visually striking and powerful shooting technique, often used to attempt goal-scoring opportunities or clearances. It requires exceptional timing, athleticism, and coordination to execute effectively. While it is often used interchangeably with a Bicycle Kick, it differs since it occurs more on a horizontal plane, as opposed to the Bicycle’s vertical plane.

Scissors

A 1v1 (one vs. one) soccer move where the legs rotate around the ball. It is a deceptive maneuver used by attacking players to unbalance defenders without physically touching the ball. It relies on body feints, sweeping leg movement and rapid changes in direction to outwit the defender.

Score

To Score means successfully directing the ball into the opponent’s goal, so it completely crosses the goal line, resulting in a point for the scoring team. Scoring goals is the primary and fundamental objective of the game.

Scoring Opportunity

A Scoring Opportunity signifies a favorable situation where a team is positioned to potentially score a goal. It typically arises when an attacking player is in a promising position within the opponent’s defensive area, allowing them a clear chance to shoot, pass, or make a significant play that could lead to a goal.

Screen

➀ (Also Called A Pick) Taken from Basketball, a Pick is a way of freeing up a teammate from a marking defender to receive the ball in space. Creating a Pick in soccer involves using tactical positioning to block or obstruct an opponent’s movement. Just like in basketball, a pick helps free up a player from defensive pressure, and is often used on set plays, especially Corner Kicks.
➁ To obstruct the view of the Goalkeeper so he/she cannot see the ball.

Scrimmage

A practice game. Scrimmages don’t count on any official record or impact a team’s standings.

Seam

A Seam in soccer can mean different things, but all refer to narrow lanes of space: ➀ A Passing Lane between two players; ➁ A vertical “Channel” that appears between two defensive lines (between the forwards and the midfielders; ➂ the open space or gap between defenders in the opposing team’s defensive formation; ➃ The horizontal space between two lines of a formation (between the midfielders and the defense).

Season

A Season in soccer refers to a set number of games in league play. In professional soccer there is only one season per calendar year. However, in youth club soccer you can have up to four seasons in a year: Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter. However, most club’s have only two seasons, Fall and Spring, and school sports have only one season, Fall.

Send Off / Sent Off / Sending Off

When a referee shows a player a red card.

Send It

A term used to call for a player to kick the ball over the defense for a Breakaway opportunity.

Serious Foul Play

A tackle or challenge for the ball that endangers the safety of an opponent or uses excessive force or brutality. A Serious Foul Play is punishable by a Red Card.

Service

Service is a term to denote the precise delivery of the ball, usually through a pass or cross, into an area where attacking players can attempt to score. The objective of providing a service is to create goal-scoring opportunities by delivering the ball accurately and strategically to teammates in advantageous positions.

Set Piece

(Also Called A Set Play)
A Set Piece is a planned and rehearsed play from a dead-ball situation, such as free kicks, corner kicks, and throw-ins.

Settle The Ball

To get the ball under control.

Shadow Marking

Shadow Marking is when a defender covers a player so closely, it’s as if they are the player’s shadow.

Shadow Play

Shadow play involves running through specific soccer movements without opposition. Coaches use Shadow Play – often with players walking instead of running – to demonstrate patterns and options that present themselves based on player movement and position.

Shape

Shape is the overall formation and positioning of a team’s players on the field. It encompasses the arrangement of players in different phases of the game, including attack, defense and transition.

Shift

Shift refers to the coordinated movement of players to adjust their positioning across the field. It’s done to facilitate a compact defensive or offensive shape by sliding players over to the ball side of the field in order to put pressure on the opponents or to create multiple passing options on offense.

Shielding

Shielding is a technique used to protect the ball from opponents by positioning one’s body between the ball and the defender.

Shin Guard

Shin Guards are protective gear worn on the shins to reduce the risk of injury from kicks.

Shooting

The act of kicking or striking the ball with the intent to score a goal.

Shooting Lanes

Shooting Lanes are clear pathways between defenders that provide the opportunity for a forward to take an unobstructed shot on goal.

Shootout

Short for Penalty Shootout – a tiebreaker method used to determine the winner of a match when the score remains even  after regulation time and extra time. It involves a series of penalty kicks taken by designated players from each team. The team that scores the most penalty kicks after the designated rounds is declared the winner. Shootouts are often used in knockout competitions, such as the World Cup, to decide the advancing team.

Short Corner

A Short Corner is a Corner Kick taken by a team where the player delivering the ball passes it to a nearby teammate instead of launching it directly into the penalty area. This tactic aims to create varied attacking opportunities, combination plays involving quick passes, or unexpected movements to outwit the opposition’s defense. Taking a short corner can provide different angles for crosses, shots, or passes, offering a strategic alternative to the traditional high cross from a corner kick.

Shorthanded

Shorthanded refers to a team playing with a numerical disadvantage on the field due to one or more players being sent off the pitch with a red card or temporarily sidelined while they recover from an injury. Being shorthanded often creates challenges in maintaining defensive and offensive balance, as the team has fewer players to cover spaces, maintain possession, and execute tactics effectively.
★ Coaches will often sacrifice an offensive player when shorthanded so they aren’t weakened defensively.

Shot

A Shot is the act of striking the ball with the intent to score a goal

Shot Creating Actions

Shot Creating Actions (SCA) are the various plays or events on the field that directly contribute to a goal-scoring opportunity. These actions can include passes, dribbles, crosses, fouls and other plays that set up a teammate to take a shot at the goal. In essence, Shot Creating Actions are the building blocks of goal-scoring chances and are a metric to determine who is the most involved and creative player on a team or in a league.

Shoulder-To-Shoulder / Shoulder Charge

Shoulder-To-Shoulder is a legal physical challenge between two players for the ball, where they make contact with their shoulders while competing for possession.

Show

Show (For The Ball) is a methodology to communicate that you want to receive a pass or a throw-in. You can “Show For The Ball” either with a gesture, a hand signal or by moving towards the ball.

Shutout

A Shutout is a match outcome where one team prevents the opposing team from scoring any goals. Can also be used as verb  to describe a dominant win. Team A Shutout  Team B.

Side

A term used to denote a team.

Side Volley

A Side Volley is a technique where a player strikes the ball while it’s in the air using the instep of their foot.

Sideline

(Also Called A Touchline)
A Sideline is the boundary lines that run along the length of the field on both sides. It marks the outer limits of the playing area and defines the area within which the ball must remain during play. The sideline serves as a visual reference for players, officials, and spectators to determine whether the ball is in or out of play. See our free download The Parts Of The Soccer Field.

Sideways On

Sideways On is a way to describe how a player positions their body in relation to the ball.  A player is Sideways On when their body position is open to their teammate who has the ball, and the area of the field they want to attack. In other words, this body position allows a player to see the ball and the field in front of them at the same time.

Simulation

An action which creates a wrong/false impression that something has occurred when it has not — committed by a player to gain an unfair advantage. An example of Simulation is when a player fakes being fouled in the Penalty Area to draw a Penalty Kick from the Referee. A player guilty of Simulation can be cautioned by the Referee. Unfortunately, Yellow Cards are issued enough to stop this from happening. Interestingly enough, women’s soccer has far less simulation than the men’s game.

Sitter

A Sitter is a goal scoring opportunity that is so easy to put in the back of the net, a player literally could do it “sitting on the ground.” However, in most cases it refers to a miss so pathetic, it will haunt the player for the rest of their lives.

Six-Yard Box

(Also Called The Goal Box)
The Six-Yard Box is the rectangular area located directly in front of the goal. This box extends six yards from the goal line and is the area for taking goal kicks.

Slashing Run

A diagonal run made by forwards to distance themselves from defenders, while staying Onsides, in order to receive the ball in space.

Slide Tackle

A Slide Tackle is a defensive technique where a player goes to ground, often sliding, and uses the instep of the foot to dispossess an opponent of the ball. Properly executed slide tackles require precise timing, controlled aggression, and the intent to cleanly win the ball without endangering the opponent.
★ Slide Tacking should be considered a last-ditch effort to regain possession or block a shot when the attacking player has the ball under control. Why? Because once a player goes to ground, it takes time to get back to their feet and recover, if the Slide Tackle is not executed cleanly.

Slot

The Slot is the space between two opposing players.
★ Slot is better known in American Football – Slot Receiver – and most soccer coaches will use the terms Seam, Lane or Channel.

Small-Sided

Small-Sided refers to mini soccer games with seven or less players.

Soccer

The name for the sport known as Football in every other country on Earth, except for the United States.

Soft Goal

A Soft Goal is a goal that should have easily been saved by the Goalkeeper.

Sombrero

A Sombrero is a soccer move where a player flicks the ball in the air over the head of a defender to reverse direction. Sometimes, once the ball is airborne, the player will head it to separate from the defender they just embarrassed.

Space

Space refers to the areas on the field where players can move and operate without direct opposition pressure.

Space (Creating)

Creating Space involves strategic movements and actions by players to generate gaps or openings on the field, allowing themselves or teammates more room to receive the ball, make passes, or take shots without pressure from opposing players. This can be achieved through well-timed runs, quick changes of direction, positioning away from defenders, or drawing opponents out of position. By creating space, players enhance their team’s offensive opportunities and make it more challenging for the opposition to defend effectively.

Space Marking

(Also Called Zonal Defending)
Space Marking is when a player defends an area of the field, as rather than an opponent.

Speed Move / Change Of Speed Move

A 1v1 move where a player abruptly changes their velocity — suddenly going from fast to slow to fast — in order to lose a defender.
★ Speed Moves work especially well on the flanks.

Splitting the Defense

Splitting the Defense involves delivering a precise pass between the opposition’s defensive players, creating an opening for an attacking teammate to receive the ball behind the defensive line. This action effectively divides the defenders and creates a pathway for an attacking player to receive the ball in a dangerous or advantageous position.

Spot Kick

Another name for a Penalty Kick. The term comes from placing the ball on the Penalty “Spot” before executing.

Spreading The Field

Spreading The Field involves positioning players across the pitch to create distance between them and stretch the opponent’s players. This strategic placement creates wider passing options, enables better ball circulation, and challenges the opposition to cover a larger area, potentially creating gaps for attacks.

Squad

Another term for a team.

Square

(Also Called A Square Pass or Playing Square)
A Square Pass refers to a lateral pass made by a player to a teammate positioned on the same horizontal line, aiming to shift the ball across the field and open up new passing angles.

Squeeze

(The Opposite Of Spread)
Squeeze is a defensive tactic where players condense the space between themselves and their teammates, making it difficult for opponents to find gaps and pass effectively. This strategic narrowing of the playing area aims to limit the opposition’s passing options, force them into crowded areas, and increase the likelihood of winning back possession. The squeeze is often employed to apply pressure, disrupt the flow of play, and create turnovers in the opponent’s half of the field.

Standings

Standings is the ranking of teams within a league or tournament based on their performance in terms of points earned from matches played. It provides an overview of each team’s win-loss-draw record, points accumulated, goals scored (Goals For), and goals conceded (Goals Against).

Starter

A Starter is a player who is selected by the coach to begin the match as part of the Starting Lineup.

Starting Lineup

(Also Called The Starting Eleven)
The Starting Lineup are the eleven players selected by the coach to begin the match. These players are considered integral to the team’s initial strategy and are tasked with setting the tone for the game. Starters typically hold key positions and are expected to contribute to the team’s performance from the opening whistle.

Stay Wide

Stay Wide instructs a player to maintain a position near the sideline, stretching the width of the field. This tactic creates width in the team’s formation, making it challenging for opponents to effectively Mark or Cover these players.

Statistics

(Also Called Stats)
Statistics refer to quantitative data and measurements that track various aspects of a match or a player’s performance. These data points include goals, assists, shots, passes completed, possession percentages, tackles, and more. Soccer statistics provide valuable insights into team and individual performances, helping coaches, players, and analysts make informed decisions, identify strengths and weaknesses, and devise strategies for improvement.
★ Europeans blame Americans for bringing “Stats” to Football, but it was inevitable with technology advancements in GPS tracking, extensive television coverage and other methodologies for measuring the many aspects of the game.

Steal

When a player takes the ball away from an opposing player usually with skill or technique.

Stick

➀ Stick is a slang term often used to encourage a player to mark or defend an opponent very closely. It implies staying physically attached or “sticking” to the opponent to limit their movement and passing options effectively.
➁ It can also be used to demonstrate that a team will play tough, hard and aggressive against an opponent: “We have to Stick It to them!”

Stopper

The Stopper position in soccer is a defensive player who operates just ahead of the central defenders, especially in a three-man defensive line. The stopper’s primary role is to engage and challenge opponents, aiming to halt attacks and regain possession. In a Sweeper/Stopper defensive system, they work closely with the Sweeper, who typically plays behind the defensive line, to create a protective barrier against opposing forwards. This partnership allows the Stopper to apply pressure, win duels, and cover spaces, while the Sweeper provides additional support, covers for any potential gaps and “cleans up” for defensive mistakes.
★ In today’s modern defensive systems that employ a Flat Back Four and Holding Midfielders, the Stopper is usually the player that marks the best scorer.

Stretch The Defense

Stretching The Defense involves extending the spaces between defenders vertically on the field. This tactic aims to exploit gaps and create opportunities by making the defensive lines cover larger and longer distances, allowing the attacking team to find openings for passes or runs behind the defenders.
★ The simplest way to Stretch A Defense is to leave a Striker close to midfield when the opposing team is Attacking. This means the Defenders can’t push up since they must leave a couple of players to guard the Striker. Just this simple tactic will leave a large gap between the Attacking team and their Defenders. Now if the Striker is really smart he/she will not just stand like a potted plant next to the Defenders that are marking him/her. The Striker will move around dragging the Defenders out of position.

Strip

(Can Also Be Called Steal)
Taking the ball away from a player in possession.

Strike

To kick the ball hard, often as a shot on goal.

Striker

A team’s main or dominant Forward, often denoted by the number 9.

Strong Side

➀ A very good team.
➁ The side of the field where the ball is being played (and often contains the most players).

Studs Up (Challenge)

Studs Up is a player’s tackling action where the bottom of their cleats, or studs, are facing upward and potentially endangering opponents. This type of tackle is considered dangerous as it increases the risk of injuring the opponent and can lead to serious fouls, Yellow Cards or even a Sending Off.

Style Of Play

A Style Of Play is a team’s distinctive approach to the game, encompassing their tactical philosophy, ball movement, positioning, and overall strategy. It defines how a team prefers to control and manipulate the game, whether through possession-based tactics, high pressing, counterattacks, or other strategic choices. A team’s style of play reflects its identity, principles, and the way it aims to outplay opponents while achieving its objectives on the field.

Substitute

A Substitute is a player who replaces a teammate during a match.

Substitution

A Substitution is the act of a player replacing a teammate during a match. Substitutions are employed to provide fresh energy, tactical adjustments, or due to injuries. Teams are typically allowed a specific number of substitutions per match based on age, league and tournament requirements.

Sudden Death

Rarely used except in some youth soccer tournaments to determine the outcome of a tied game. Sudden Death is an overtime period in which the game is decided by the first goal scored even if there is still time left. The team that scores the Overtime goal wins. Sudden Death eliminates the Penalty Shootout and requiring teams to play out the full Extra Time periods.

Support

(“You’ve Got Support!”)
A term used to communicate that a player under pressure has an open teammate to pass to behind them.

Suspend (A Match)

To pause a match for a period of time with the intention of eventually restarting play. Play can be Suspended due to fog, lightning, heavy rain, riots, serious injury, field incursions, or threats to player safety.

Suspension

A Suspension refers to a punishment imposed on a player or coach, preventing them from participating in a certain number of future matches due to disciplinary reasons. Suspensions can result from actions such as accumulating yellow or red cards, misconduct, or violations of the game’s rules.

Sweeper

A Sweeper is a defensive player positioned behind the main line of defenders, often directly behind the Stopper. The Sweeper’s primary role is to provide additional cover and support to the defensive line, acting as the last line of defense. They are responsible for intercepting through balls, clearing dangerous situations, and “cleaning up” defensive errors. The sweeper also helps maintain the offside trap and can initiate attacks by distributing the ball to teammates as the Pivot.
★ In the modern game, the Sweeper/Stopper system has been replaced by a Flat Back Four, and Holding Midfielders. However, the term has not gone away completely…see below.

Sweeper Keeper

A Sweeper Keeper is a term to describe a goalkeeper who actively ventures beyond the penalty area to engage in defensive plays and support the team’s buildup from the back. This style of goalkeeper is known for their willingness to come out of the goal to clear or intercept balls and even participate in passing and ball distribution. They act as a passing outlet for defenders facing pressure and provide a crucial pivot to switch play from one side of the field to the other. This style of play allows the team to maintain possession, initiate attacks, and alleviate defensive pressure effectively.
★ German goalkeeper Manuel Neuer is the prototype for the Sweeper Keeper style.

Switch

A term used to instruct players to switch positions. A coach may say “Switch!” to swap players for more favorable matchups. Players also use the term to instruct teammates to switch positions if they track a penetrating attacker. For example, a Centerback may yell “Switch!” to his outside defender while he/she is pressuring an Attacker along the sideline, so that his/her position is covered.

Switch Off

When a player is not playing the game effectively because they are distracted, too tired or not mentally engaged. See Don’t Switch Off!

Switching The Field

Switching The Field is the deliberate transfer of play from one side of the field to the other. This tactical maneuver aims to exploit spaces, change the point of attack, and create new offensive opportunities by quickly shifting the focus of play from a crowded area to a less defended one.

System Of Play

A System Of Play is the tactical formation, strategy, and player positioning adopted by a team during a match. It outlines the arrangement of players on the field, their roles, and how they interact both defensively and offensively. Different systems, such as 4-4-2 or 3-5-2, dictate how players align, move, and coordinate to achieve specific team objectives, emphasizing structure, balance, and player responsibilities within the team’s overall game plan.

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Take On (A Player)

Take On is used to describe when a player attempts to dribble past an opposing player by using skill, speed, and ball control. The objective is to beat the defender and advance towards the goal.
★ Your coach may yell: “Take him on!” from the sideline when he/she feels you can beat the defender in front of you and go to goal.

Take Over

A Take Over is when a teammate takes possession of the ball as you criss-cross on the field. A Take Over often happens when a teammate is about to be challenged by a defender in pursuit. This action prevents the opponent from gaining possession with a quick change of direction and allows the team to maintain control of the ball and continue their play.
★ Since the teammate during a Take Over is usually coming from the opposite direction, it’s a great way to also Switch The Field.

Target

➀ A specific player a teammate is trying to get the ball to during the course of play. For example, a team may want to target the player on their team who is the best at heading the ball during a Corner Kick.
➁ Targeting: Targeting a player typically refers to a deliberate strategy employed by a team to focus defensive pressure or offensive attacks on a specific opponent. In defensive situations, targeting a player might involve assigning one or more defenders to closely mark or apply pressure to a key opposition player, thereby limiting their influence on the game or disrupting their team’s offensive flow. Conversely, in an offensive context, targeting a player could mean directing attacks towards a particular opponent perceived as weak defensively or exploiting mismatches in skill or speed. This could involve instructing players to dribble at or play passes behind a specific defender to create scoring opportunities.
★ Targeting a player requires careful observation, analysis, and adaptation throughout the match to exploit weaknesses and adjust strategies as the game evolves. It’s a tactical approach that can significantly impact the outcome of a match when executed effectively.

Team

In soccer, eleven players comprise a team.
★ In England, a team is often called a “side.”

Teamwork

Teamwork refers to the collaborative efforts of players playing together to achieve common objectives on the field, such as attacking to score a goal, as well as defending to prevent the opponent from scoring. It involves effective communication, understanding of teammates’ strengths and weaknesses, coordinated movement, and shared responsibilities in both offensive and defensive situations.

Team Formation / Team Shape

A Team Formation refers to the strategic arrangement of players on the field, outlining their positions and roles during matches. It dictates player positioning, roles, and tactics.

Team List

(Also Called A Roster)
The official list of prequalified players submitted to the referee at the beginning of every game.

Technical Area

The Technical Area refers to the designated area along the sideline where coaches and other team officials are allowed to stand and give instructions during a match. It is a restricted zone that coaches and team officials cannot stray from and meant to ensure proper conduct in order to maintain the flow of the game.

Technique

A player’s ability to effectively manipulate and control the ball.

Third

This is used to define the three areas of the field where you’re either attacking, defending, or in the case of the middle third, transitioning. See our free download The Soccer Thirds.

Threepeat

When a team wins a championship or a tournament three times in a row.

Through Ball

A Through Ball is a precise and forward-passing technique that aims to send the ball into open space behind the opposition’s defensive line, allowing a teammate to run onto it and create a scoring opportunity.

Throw In

The Throw In is the method of restarting play when the ball goes out of bounds over the sideline/touchline. It involves a player using both hands to throw the ball back onto the field from the point where it went out with both feet behind the sideline and never leaving the ground — meaning, no jumping.

Tie

When both team have scored the same number of goal in the game. Or in the case of a 0-0 Tie, not scored the same number of goals.

Tie Breaker

A methodology to determine the winner of a game when teams are tied after regulation. In Soccer, this means Extra Time, and/or a Penalty Shootout.

Time Added On

The extra time that a referee adds to the end of a half or game to make up for injuries, substitutions, time wasting and Neymar rolling around on the ground pretending to be hurt.

Time / You Got Time

A term used by players and coaches to let players, who are about to receive the ball, know that they will not be immediately under pressure from an opponent. This communication informs them that they can take a moment to look up and survey the field after controlling the ball.

Toe Kick

Kicking the ball with the front part of the cleat where the leather meets the plastic sole. This kick is often disparaged as improper Technique, but it can be very effective in front of goal, since it doesn’t necessitate a big windup to be powerful and can be executed quickly.

Toe Poke

A Defending Technique to jab the ball away from an opponent in possession of the ball.

Top Shelf

A term used to describe a goal scored near the top of the goal, usually in the corners.

Top Spin

A ball with Top Spin refers to a type of spin imparted on the ball during a shot or pass, causing it to rotate forward as it moves through the air. This rotation creates a downward force, causing the ball to dip or drop suddenly. It is difficult to execute, but players that can shoot with Top Spin make it challenging for goalkeepers to judge its trajectory.

Total Football / Total Soccer

Total Football / Total Soccer is a tactical approach in soccer that emphasizes fluid movement, positional interchangeability, and an all-encompassing understanding of the game. It originated in the Netherlands and was popularized by teams like Ajax and the Dutch national team in the 1970s. Players in a Total Soccer system are expected to be versatile, capable of seamlessly shifting positions and responsibilities on the field. The philosophy promotes a collective style of play that prioritizes possession, pressing, creative freedom, constant movement and intelligent positioning.
★ While it’s not attributed to a single inventor, Rinus Michels, a Dutch football coach, and Johan Cruyff, a Dutch football legend, played significant roles in shaping and promoting the philosophy, particularly during their time at Ajax Amsterdam and the Dutch national team in the 1970s.

Touch

A soccer player’s technical ability to control and manipulate a soccer ball.

Touchline

(Also Called The Sideline)
A Touchline is the boundary that runs along the length of the field on both sides. It marks the outer limits of the playing area and defines the area within which the ball must remain during play. The sideline serves as a visual reference for players, officials, and spectators to determine whether the ball is in or out of play. See our free download: Parts Of The Soccer Field

Trailing

➀ Running behind a Teammate.
➁ A team behind on the scoresheet. Example: “Chelsea is trailing Manchester United by two goals.”

Trail Pass

(Also Called A Backwards Pass)
A pass to a Teammate behind you on the field. Example: “She made a Trail Pass to her Teammate in Support.”

Trainer

➀ An individual who offers medical services and injury treatment to players on a team.
➁ An individual who provides technical and tactical instruction to a team, but is not the coach.
★ Youth soccer teams often hire a trainer when a parent, who has limited soccer experience, is the Coach. In this scenario, the Coach provides logistical support, game scheduling, practice scheduling, etc., while the Trainer delivers the soccer instruction.

Transfer

A Transfer is the process of a player moving from one club to another.

Transfer Fee

A Transfer Fee is the amount of money paid by one club to another when signing a player. It’s the cost associated with acquiring a player’s registration rights from their current club, allowing them to move to the purchasing club. Transfer fees can vary widely based on player skill, market demand, and contractual agreements. Sadly, players don’t get a dime of this money.

Transfer Window

A defined time period when soccer clubs can transfer players.

Trap / Trapping

Trap or Trapping the ball is a technique used by players to control and stop the ball upon receiving it. This is an older term. Most coaches, trainers and player use the term “Control / Controlling” the ball instead.

Triangle

In soccer, a Triangle refers to a tactical concept involving three players forming a triangular shape on the field to maintain possession by creating passing options for the Ball Carrier. Triangular positioning allows for short and accurate passes, enabling ball circulation, providing support, and facilitating quick and efficient movements. Coaches often emphasize triangle play to encourage teamwork, positional awareness, and controlled ball movement.

Tryout

A Tryout is an evaluation process where players showcase their skills and abilities to coaches and evaluators for the purpose of selecting a team. To pass a soccer tryout, players need to demonstrate their technical skills, tactical understanding, teamwork, and physical fitness. To prepare for soccer tryouts, parents can ensure their child is in good physical condition, has proper gear, and is confident. Players can prepare by practicing their fundamental skills, increasing their soccer intelligence, and having a confident — not arrogant — outlook. At the tryout, players who are making an impact on the game, attentive, positive, supportive, hard working, and respectful, increase their chances of being selected to the team.

Turn

➀ A Turn refers to a quick change of direction made by a player to evade an opponent or change the direction of play. It’s important because it allows players to escape pressure, create space, and transition from defense to attack or vice versa. Mastering effective turning techniques enhances a player’s ability to maintain possession, exploit gaps in the opposition, and contribute to the team’s overall strategy.
➁ Yelling “Turn!” to a teammate who is receiving a pass with his back towards the goal, communicates to him/her that they have time to turn with the ball and head up field. Simply shouting “Turn!” can save your teammate valuable time.

Turn And Face

Youth soccer players will often hear their Coach or Trainer yell this to them when they’re not paying attention. It is meant to inform them something important is
happening on the field and they need to turn their attention (and body) to the ball.

Turning With The Ball

Turning With The Ball is the act of receiving the ball and in one motion turning to go in a new direction. This is a crucial skill to learn and you can practice it while playing Wall Ball.

Turnover

A Turnover is the loss of possession of the ball from one team to the other, usually due to a mistake, such as an intercepted pass, a bad touch, or even a successful tackle. Turnovers often lead to counter-attacks or other sudden changes in the flow of the game.

Two-Touch

Two-Touch is a way of playing where a player can only contact the ball twice. The idea is to use one touch to control the ball and the second touch to pass it.
★ Two-Touch is often used as a restriction by Coaches to promote quick passing and good decisions under pressure.

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Undercutting

Undercutting is a foul where a player recklessly or dangerously challenges for the ball by sliding in or jumping with their foot raised, potentially putting the safety of their opponent at risk. This action can lead to endangering the opponent foul, often resulting in a free kick or a more severe penalty like a yellow or red card, depending on the level of force and intent.

Unsportsmanlike Conduct / Unsportsmanlike Behavior

The IFAB defines Unsportsmanlike Conduct as “Unfair action/behavior; punishable by a caution (yellow card).” Unsportsmanlike Behavior refers to actions that go against the principles of fair play, respect, and good sportsmanship on the field. It includes actions such as excessive arguing with referees, intentional time-wasting, diving to deceive officials, using offensive language, and other behaviors that undermine the spirit of the game. Such behavior is generally penalized with disciplinary actions such as yellow or red cards, which may lead to player ejections or other consequences depending on the severity of the behavior.

Unlucky

A term used by players, coaches, commentators and pundits when describing a play on the field that didn’t succeed, but was a good idea. An example would be a creative through ball that got intercepted at the last minute by a great defensive effort. However, if the ball had penetrated the defense, it would have most likely created a goal scoring opportunity.
★ This British slang term gets way overused and becomes annoying – quickly.

Upper 90

Upper 90 refers to the area where the crossbar and the side post of the goal meet at a 90° angle. Thus, an Upper 90 shot enters the goal in one of the top corners of the goal. A shot that goes into the Upper 90 is difficult for the goalkeeper to reach due to its precise placement. See our free download: Parts Of The Soccer Field

Upset

When a weaker team defeats a much stronger team.

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V

(Also Denoted As Vs. or vs)
An abbreviation for “versus.” Versus indicates a match or competition between two teams or individuals. It’s commonly used to depict a head-to-head encounter, such as Team A versus Team B. It can also be used to showcase small-sided game numbers, such as 3v4 (three versus four).

VAR

VAR (Video Assistant Referee) is a new technology used to review and correct decisions made by the on-field match officials with the help of video replays.
★ Americans love VAR because it makes soccer more fair. Europeans hate it, since it means they can’t argue about controversial referee decisions in the Pub.

Violent Conduct

An action, which is not a challenge for the ball, that uses or attempts to use excessive force or brutality against an opponent in order to do them harm. This usually results in an immediate Red Card and dismissal from the game.

Vision

A player’s ability to “see” the field beyond the immediate area around him/her. A player with Vision possesses the ability to assess the field and read the game, allowing them to anticipate movements, and make smart strategic decisions.
★ Players with Vision spot opportunities, create openings, and execute precise passes that can change the course of a match.

Volley

A Volley refers to a technique where a player strikes the ball in mid-air, without letting it touch the ground. This technique is commonly used for shooting, passing, or clearing the ball with precision and power. It requires proper positioning and timing to execute effectively.

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W

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Wall Ball

A game that players can perform by themselves to improve their technical ability.
★ Wall Ball is an excellent way to practice controlling the ball, working on kicking with both feet, learning to turn with the ball effectively and much, much more! All you need is a wall (preferably without windows!) and your ball. Many public parks have handball or squash courts with large cement walls that are usually fenced in (to contain wayward shots) — these are perfect for Wall Ball!

Wall Pass

(Also Called A Give’n’Go)
A Wall Pass is a quick and coordinated exchange of the ball between two players, usually a short distance apart, to bypass an opponent. The first player passes the ball to a teammate, who then immediately moves behind the defender to receive the ball back, often with a One Touch pass.

Warm Up

A Warm Up 
consists of activities and exercises that prepare the body for vigorous activity by slowly and steadily warming up the muscles.

Weak Side

The Weak Side refers to the side of the field where the ball is not currently located. It’s the side that is less crowded by players and often provides opportunities for quick switches of play or exploiting open spaces.

Weight

(Weight Of A Pass)
Weight in soccer refers to the amount of force applied to the ball when being passed. It determines how fast the ball travels and whether it reaches the intended target with the right pace, distance and accuracy. It’s really about determining how hard or soft you kick the ball when making a pass so that it can be easily collected by a teammate.
★ Of all the passes, Through Balls are the ones that most coaches and players will refer to with the term, Weight Of The Pass, since these passes need to be placed with enough pace to penetrate the defensive line, but then slow up enough for a teammate to gain possession before crossing the End Line, or being picked up by the Goalkeeper.

Wide

(Go Wide)
In soccer, when players are Wide or a teammate yells “Go Wide!” — they are referring to a position near the Sideline.

Wing

(Also Called Wingers)
A Winger is a player who operates on the sides of the field, near the touchlines. Wingers are known for their speed and dribbling ability, and they often focus on delivering crosses into the opponent’s penalty area to create scoring opportunities for their teammates.

Wing Backs

Wing Backs are defensive players who combine the roles of defenders and wingers. Positioned wider on the field, they provide both defensive stability and attacking width. Wing Backs support offensive plays by moving up the flanks to deliver crosses or join the attack while always being mindful of their defensive responsibilities.

Winning The Ball

(Also Won The Ball)
The player who gains possession in a 50/50 challenge is said to have “Won The Ball.” Coaches will also mention “Winning The Ball” during games to focus the players on being aggressive and First To The Ball.

Withdrawn Forward

A Withdrawn Forward refers to an attacking player who operates in a deeper position on the field than traditional forwards. Positioned between the midfield and forward lines, they contribute to both creating scoring opportunities and linking play between midfielders and strikers. The Withdrawn Forward will drop back, hold up the ball and then distribute to wide players, or other teammates who are joining the attack. They will then bolt forward to resume their role as the Center Forward.
★ Tactically speaking, the Withdrawn Forward is different from the False Nine, but some will use the terms interchangeably. A False Nine looks to vacate the Center Forward position to draw defenders out of position, create space, and disrupt the opponent’s defensive structure, allowing other players to exploit the openings.

W-M Formation

The W-M is actually an “old school” formation that is making a comeback with the resurgence of the Box Midfield. The W-M formation in soccer used to be popular. It involved four lines of players: three defenders and two half-backs at the back, two inside forwards in the middle, and three attackers up front. This made a shape that looked like 3-2-2-3 on the field. The name “W-M” comes from the way lines are drawn between the players. It forms a “W” at the back and an “M” in the front, resembling the letters.

Woodwork

Soccer slang for a shot hitting the goal frame (Goal Posts or Crossbar). Today, soccer goals are made out of aluminum, but when soccer first started, goals were made out of wood and that’s where the term “Hitting The Woodwork” originated.

Work Rate

The term Work Rate refers to a player’s level of effort, energy, and commitment during a match. It’s about how hard they work to contribute defensively and offensively, including running, pressing opponents, and making plays.

World Cup

The World Cup is THE biggest and most important international soccer competition on the planet. It is held every four years. The World Cup is run by FIFA (see above) and is the most watched event in the world, attracting a television audience of over 3 billion viewers.

(To) Wrong Side

Wrong Side comes from the concept of an attacker making a defender to move in the wrong direction by use of a 1v1 move or a body feint.

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X

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X-Factor

A player with the “X-Factor” is someone who brings creativity, spontaneity, and exceptional skills to the game. They have the ability to produce moments of brilliance that can impact the course of a match in an instant. Having players on the field with the X-Factor can be the difference between winning and losing in close games.

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Y

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Yellow Card

(Also Called A Caution)
A Yellow Card is a Caution issued by the referee to a player as a punishment for a reckless or unsporting behavior. It serves as a formal warning, and if a player receives a second yellow card in the same match, they are shown a red card and must leave the field, resulting in their team playing with one less player.
★ From IFAB: Disciplinary sanction which results in a report to a disciplinary authority; indicated by showing a yellow card; two cautions in a match result in a player or team official being sent off.

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Z

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Zone

In soccer, a Zone is a designated area of the field that players are responsible for defending or attacking. It’s a way to tactically organize team positioning during different phases of the game to cover different parts of the pitch effectively.

Zonal Defending

Zonal Defending is a defensive strategy where players are responsible for specific zones or areas of the field rather than marking individual opponents. They aim to cover spaces to prevent opponents from advancing or creating scoring opportunities within their assigned zones.
★ A Flat Back Four employs Zonal Defending.

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•••

The Ultimate Soccer Glossary

Remember, this comprehensive glossary covers a vast array of soccer terms and should serve as a valuable resource for soccer players, coaches, and enthusiasts. Enjoy the beautiful game and keep learning!

Please Note:

Under each letter above, you’ll see a version number (v X.X). This showcases additions, updates and modifications to the Ultimate Soccer Glossary since its inception.
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